Ketogenic Diet for Epilepsy: How Keto Can Help Reduce Seizures

If your child struggles with epilepsy and medications aren't fully controlling seizures, the ketogenic diet might be a helpful treatment option. This article explains how the keto diet works for epilepsy, its potential benefits, risks, and what to expect.

What is the Ketogenic Diet? A Therapeutic Approach

The ketogenic diet, often called the keto diet, is a special medical diet designed to manage specific health conditions, primarily uncontrolled epilepsy in children. Unlike typical diets, the keto diet drastically changes the way the body gets energy.

• High-Fat, Low-Carb: The diet focuses on consuming high amounts of fats while drastically restricting carbohydrates.
• Macronutrient Ratio: A typical ketogenic diet consists of 70-80% fats, 20% protein, and only 5-10% carbohydrates.

Which Medical Conditions Can Benefit from the Keto Diet?

While primarily used for epilepsy, the keto diet has shown promise for other conditions.

• Epilepsy: Especially effective for children whose seizures are not well-managed with medication.
• Neurological Conditions: Research suggests potential benefits for Alzheimer’s disease and autism spectrum disorder.
• Metabolic Disorders: Individuals with diabetes or class III obesity may find the keto diet beneficial for managing blood sugar and promoting fat burning.

How Does the Keto Diet Work in the Body?

The keto diet shifts the body's primary energy source from carbohydrates to fats.

• Burning Fat for Energy: By severely limiting carbs, the body enters a state called ketosis, where it starts breaking down fat into ketones for fuel.
• Resets Body's Metabolism: This metabolic shift can help regulate brain excitability, potentially reducing seizures.

Starting the Ketogenic Diet: What to Expect

Initiating the keto diet requires careful medical supervision. It's not a DIY approach.

• Hospital Monitoring: Typically, children are admitted to the hospital to closely monitor their response to the new diet.
• Dedicated Keto Team: A specialized medical team, including a neurologist, registered dietitian, and nurse, guides the process.
• Gradual Introduction: The diet is introduced gradually, starting with small amounts of water or sugar-free liquids.
• Close Monitoring: Blood sugar levels are closely monitored, and necessary supplements like calcium and vitamins are administered.

How Does the Ketogenic Diet Help with Epilepsy?

The exact mechanism isn't fully understood, but the keto diet has been used effectively since the 1920s.

• Reduces Brain Excitability: The low sugar and high-fat components alter the excitability of the brain, making it less prone to generating seizures.

What are the Potential Risks of the Ketogenic Diet?

While effective, the keto diet isn't without potential side effects, especially with long-term use.

• Bone Health: Low bone density and increased risk of fractures.
• Digestive Issues: Constipation is a common side effect.
• Metabolic Concerns: High cholesterol levels and kidney stones may develop.
• Growth and Energy: Slower growth rate and sluggishness.

When Should a Doctor Recommend the Keto Diet for Epilepsy?

The keto diet is considered when other treatments haven't sufficiently controlled seizures.

• Treatment-Resistant Epilepsy: If medications fail to reduce seizures, the keto diet may be recommended.
• Regular Monitoring: Monthly to quarterly check-ups with blood and urine tests are necessary to monitor nutritional status and potential problems.

Keto Diet Effectiveness and Long-Term Outlook

The keto diet has shown significant success in managing seizures over time.

• Seizure Reduction: Approximately 40-50% of children experience a 50% reduction in seizures.
• Significant Improvement: 10-20% may achieve a remarkable 90% or greater reduction in seizure frequency.

Important Considerations Before Starting the Keto Diet

The keto diet should always be implemented under medical supervision.

• Professional Guidance is Key: Due to the complexities and potential risks, the keto diet should not be attempted without the guidance of healthcare providers.
• Consult Your Doctor: Always discuss the keto diet with your healthcare provider before making any changes.

When Should You Contact Your Doctor?

Promptly contact your child’s healthcare provider if any concerns arise.

• Worsening Seizures: If seizures worsen or persist despite being on the diet.
• Allergic Reactions: If your child develops an allergic reaction to any foods in the diet.

How Long Can the Keto Diet Be Followed for Epilepsy Management?

The duration of the keto diet is determined by your healthcare provider.

• Potential Discontinuation: After a few years of well-managed epilepsy, your doctor may consider stopping the diet.
• Medical Necessity: Always follow your healthcare provider's recommendations regarding the continuation of the ketogenic diet.

The ketogenic diet offers a valuable alternative for managing drug-resistant epilepsy in children. Working closely with a dedicated medical team is crucial for success and safety. Always consult your healthcare provider to determine if the keto diet is right for your child.