Identifying and Treating Infected Eczema: A Comprehensive Guide

Eczema flare-ups can be incredibly uncomfortable. The persistent itch can lead to scratching, which unfortunately creates an opening for unwelcome microbes like bacteria, viruses, and fungi. This guide will help you understand what infected eczema looks like, how it's treated, and what you can do to prevent it.

Recognizing the Signs of Infected Eczema

It's crucial to be able to tell the difference between a regular eczema flare-up and one that has become infected. Here's what to look for:

• Increased Redness and Swelling: While redness is common with eczema, a significant increase, along with swelling, could indicate an infection.
• Pus-Filled Blisters or Sores: This is a classic sign of a bacterial infection. The pus may be yellow, green, or whitish.
• Crusting or Oozing: Infected eczema often has a wet, oozing appearance followed by a crusty layer as it dries.
• Pain or Increased Tenderness: While eczema itself can be itchy and uncomfortable, an infection often brings about pain and tenderness to the touch.
• Fever or Flu-Like Symptoms: In more severe cases, the infection can spread, leading to systemic symptoms such as fever, chills, and fatigue.

Understanding the Causes of Eczema Infections

Why do eczema flare-ups become infected? The answer lies in the compromised skin barrier. Eczema weakens the skin's natural defenses, allowing microbes to penetrate more easily.

• Staphylococcus aureus (Staph): This is the most common culprit behind bacterial infections in eczema.
• Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV): This virus can cause a severe eczema infection called eczema herpeticum, characterized by painful blisters.
• Fungi: While less common, fungal infections can occur, particularly in warm, moist areas of the body.

Effective Treatment Options for Infected Eczema

If you suspect your eczema is infected, seeking medical attention is essential. A healthcare provider can properly diagnose the infection and recommend the most appropriate treatment.

• Topical Antibiotics: For localized bacterial infections, a topical antibiotic ointment or cream is often prescribed.
• Oral Antibiotics: More severe bacterial infections may require oral antibiotics to fight the bacteria systemically.
• Antiviral Medications: Eczema herpeticum is treated with antiviral medications to combat the herpes simplex virus.
• Antifungal Creams: These creams are applied topically to treat fungal infections.
• Wound Care: Keeping the infected area clean and covered with a bandage can promote healing and prevent further infection.
• Steroid Creams: The doctor may also prescribe steroid creams along with antibacterial creams to reduce the inflammation caused by both eczema and infection.

Preventing Eczema Infections: Proactive Strategies

Prevention is key to managing eczema and minimizing the risk of infection. Here are some effective strategies:

• Moisturize Regularly: Keeping the skin well-hydrated helps maintain the skin barrier and prevent cracks where bacteria can enter. Apply a thick, fragrance-free moisturizer several times a day, especially after bathing.
• Avoid Scratching: This is easier said than done, but scratching can significantly increase the risk of infection. Keep nails short and consider wearing soft gloves at night.
• Use Gentle Cleansers: Harsh soaps and detergents can further irritate the skin and weaken the skin barrier. Opt for gentle, fragrance-free cleansers.
• Identify and Avoid Triggers: Common eczema triggers include allergens, irritants, stress, and certain foods. Identifying and avoiding these triggers can help reduce flare-ups and the need to scratch.
• Bleach Baths: Dilute bleach baths (as recommended by your doctor) can help reduce the amount of bacteria on the skin.
• Topical Steroids: These can help control flare-ups and inflammation.
• Regular Doctor Visit: Routine checkups help monitor the condition of your skin and immediately address signs of infection.

Cleveland Clinic: Expert Dermatological Care

Eczema and its complications can significantly impact your quality of life. At Cleveland Clinic, a dedicated dermatology team provides expert care to help you manage your skin health. They are committed to providing personalized treatment plans to keep your skin healthy and strong using the latest advancements in dermatological care.